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Biotin is part of a group of vitamins called "water-soluble
vitamins". These vitamins are exactly that - soluble in water.
Biotin is the only water-soluble vitamin that has brought about
obvious visible changes in horses thought to be perfectly healthy.
The problem with biotin is twofold:
- It occurs in natural feedstuffs in very small amounts
- Sometimes, even when present in the feed, it is unavailable
for digestion by the horse. For example, the biotin in wheat,
barley and oats is not digestible. But the biotin contained in
maize, soya and fresh grass is digestible.
The visible changes that biotin brought about occurred mostly in
the feet of the experimental horses. Bad hooves are extremely common
in domesticated horses. One survey reported that 28% of horses investigated
had some type of hoof problem.
Hooves were found to be:
- weak,
- misshapen,
- cracked,
- crumbly,
- or separating from the sole.
Most of the owners of these horses didn't know the reason for these
problems.
Many of these cases responded extremely well to supplementation
of 15mg of biotin per day. This is much more than was considered
the recommended daily allowance.
The horn of the hoof is composed primarily of protein, which is
made up of amino acids. This is why a lot of hoof supplements also
contain methionine, an amino acid necessary for hoof growth. It
is also a source of bioavailable sulphur. Calcium deficiency should
also be avoided for optimum hoof growth.
It is also essential that the hooves are properly shaped and trimmed
on a regular basis (every six weeks). Long, unpared hooves exert
excessive pressure on the heels. This restricts blood flow, impeding
adequate nutrition of the foot, leading to poor quality and crumbly
unsatisfactory growth of walls, sole and frog.
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